pure carbon ink, without copper
Egypt
7th Century
Source: Sowmeya Sathiyamani, Mathieu Tillier, Naïm Vanthieghem, Claudia Colini. "Leafing through time: Ink Analysis of the longest Qur’ān on Papyrus", 2023 IMEKO TC-4 International Conference on Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, pp. 851-855.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
soot, charcoal, gum Arabic
Preparation Steps
A pure carbon ink, likely made from soot or charcoal and a binder, without the copper contamination found in the main text ink (p. 854, Section V).
Original Recipe Text
A pure carbon ink, likely made from soot or charcoal and a binder, without the copper contamination found in the main text ink (p. 854, Section V).
Evidence
"a different carbon ink, without copper, was used for the decorative elements of the text. ... No copper presence was observed in the inked area corresponding to the decoration marking the end of the Sura"
Remarks
This ink was specifically used for decorative elements, such as the 'headband' marking the end of the Sura and potentially the verse dividers (p. 854). The lack of copper in this ink suggests that the decoration was applied at a different stage or using a different ink source/well than the main body of the text (p. 854, Section V).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionC (Carbon)
Analytical Techniques
digital microscopy
XRF
Certainty Level
Probable
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
BinderAcacia gum
ColorBlack
RegionEgypt
Approx. Year650
Source Information
AuthorSowmeya Sathiyamani, Mathieu Tillier, Naïm Vanthieghem, Claudia Colini. "Leafing through time: Ink Analysis of the longest Qur’ān on Papyrus", 2023 IMEKO TC-4 International Conference on Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, pp. 851-855.
CollectionP. Hamb. Arab. 68.7r (decorative elements)
Language
N/A
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