cochineal
IRAN
20th Century
Source: Koochakzaei, A., Mobasher Maghsoud, E., & Jelodarian Bidgoli, B. (2023). Heritage Science, 11:157.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
cochineal
Preparation Steps
The red sections, including the sura titles in red ink, utilize cochineal (p. 2, 11). Cochineal is an organic red pigment/dye extensively used in Iranian manuscripts (p. 11).
Original Recipe Text
The red sections, including the sura titles in red ink, utilize cochineal (p. 2, 11). Cochineal is an organic red pigment/dye extensively used in Iranian manuscripts (p. 11).
Evidence
"the position of these bands is characteristic of cochineal dye, which is also consistent with the results of multi-band imaging. It appears that cochineal was extensively used as red ink in Iranian manuscripts."
Remarks
In Raman spectroscopy, the red pigment displayed high fluorescence, making it impossible to record a standard spectrum; FORS was utilized as the primary identification method (p. 10). UV-FC method also helped distinguish cochineal by revealing a greenish tint (p. 4).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionC22H20O13
Analytical Techniques
FORS
Multi-band imaging
XRF
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
ColorRed
RegionIRAN
Approx. Year1950
Source Information
AuthorKoochakzaei, A., Mobasher Maghsoud, E., & Jelodarian Bidgoli, B.
CollectionBorujen Museum
Language
N/A
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