lead white, barite white
IRAN
20th Century
Source: Koochakzaei, A., Mobasher Maghsoud, E., & Jelodarian Bidgoli, B. (2023). Heritage Science, 11:157.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
lead white, barite white
Preparation Steps
The white pigment is a combination of traditional lead-based and barium-based white pigments (p. 7). Lead white was a historic primary white in Iranian art, while barite white is a relatively newer addition that gained popularity in Europe in the early 1800s and was introduced to Iran during the Qajar era (p. 7).
Original Recipe Text
The white pigment is a combination of traditional lead-based and barium-based white pigments (p. 7). Lead white was a historic primary white in Iranian art, while barite white is a relatively newer addition that gained popularity in Europe in the early 1800s and was introduced to Iran during the Qajar era (p. 7).
Evidence
"Therefore, as the μ-XRF and Raman results indicate, this color represents a mixture of lead white and barite pigments."
Remarks
Multi-band imaging identified lead white but was unable to resolve the mixture with barite without spectroscopic assistance (p. 7). The presence of barite serves as a chronological marker for the 19th-century manufacturing techniques introduced from Europe (p. 7).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical Composition2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2 + BaSO4
Analytical Techniques
Raman
XRF
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
ColorWhite
RegionIRAN
Approx. Year1950
Source Information
AuthorKoochakzaei, A., Mobasher Maghsoud, E., & Jelodarian Bidgoli, B.
CollectionBorujen Museum
Language
N/A
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