black tablets palm-leaves, bark of the Tuz tree called Bhurja and silk

India
11th Century
Source: M.S. Khân, "SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN EARLY MEDIEVAL INDIA", pp. 717-728.
Recipe Details

Ingredients

palm-leaves, bark of the Tuz tree (Bhurja), silk, black tablets

Evidence

"It is al-Bırünı who gives the evidenee around 1030 A.D. that the material used for writing in India were mainly black tablets palm-leaves, bark of the Tuz tree called Bhurja and silk."

Remarks

Al-Bîrünî's evidence from 1030 A.D. highlights that before the widespread manufacture of paper in the 13th century, writing supports in India were diverse, including organic materials like palm-leaves and birch bark (Bhurja) as well as silk (p. 724).

Scientific Analysis
Analytical Techniques
historical text analysis
Certainty Level
Inferred
Instrumentally Verified
Not Verified
Metadata
Material Type
paper
Paper Typeblack tablets palm-leaves, bark of the Tuz tree called Bhurja and silk
ColorBlack
RegionIndia
Approx. Year1050
Source Information
TitleSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN EARLY MEDIEVAL INDIA
AuthorM.S. Khân, "SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN EARLY MEDIEVAL INDIA", pp. 717-728.
Collectional-Bîrünî observations
Language
N/A
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