red lead (Pb3O4)
Yemen
18th Century
Source: A. Regourd & K. Scheper, Shifting sands of writing inks in Yemen, CmY 7 (Juillet 2018)
Recipe Details
Ingredients
Pb, Fe
Preparation Steps
The ink is identified as red lead. Analysis of Folio 4a (#1 and #2) showed the presence of Pb and Fe. The technical examination notes that dark discolorations occur on some areas of the ink. Where flat particles are missing, a shiny surface has formed (p. 180).
Original Recipe Text
The ink is identified as red lead. Analysis of Folio 4a (#1 and #2) showed the presence of Pb and Fe. The technical examination notes that dark discolorations occur on some areas of the ink. Where flat particles are missing, a shiny surface has formed (p. 180).
Evidence
"Lead content suggests the use of red lead (Pb3O4)"
Remarks
The dark discolorations mentioned in the technical examination suggest potential degradation or chemical alteration of the lead pigment over time. The presence of iron (Fe) was also noted in the XRF spectra (p. 180).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionPb3O4
Analytical Techniques
XRF
Certainty Level
Probable
Instrumentally Verified
Not Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
ColorRed
RegionYemen
Approx. Year1750
Source Information
AuthorA. Regourd & K. Scheper, Shifting sands of writing inks in Yemen, CmY 7
CollectionOr. 2722
Language
N/A
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