black ink

Evidence

"Last page of a West-African Qurɱān manuscript, with Sũrat al-Nās (Qurɱān 114) and the colophon. MS ex-Elphick collection, f. 192b."

Remarks

The primary text of the Qur'an and the subsequent colophon are written in a dark ink, appearing black or very dark brown. This ink is used for the consonantial skeleton of the Arabic script. The manuscript is identified as West-African, and the script style is characteristic of regional variants (p. 141). The ink is applied with a traditional reed or similar pen, showing consistent opacity throughout the verses of Surat al-Nas.