soot

TURKEY
18th Century
Source: Bahattin YAMAN & Fatma ÖZDEMİR (2016). PRODUCING SOOT INK BY TRADITIONAL METHODS AND RESULTS OF ITS APPLICATION IN THE OTTOMAN BOOK ARTS. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, Vol. 9, Issue 5 (Apr.), ISSN 2289-1552.
Recipe Details

Ingredients

gall, alum, soot, pure water, Arabic gum

Preparation Steps

Method 2 (Âhar Mecmuası): 20 g of gall is added to 80 g of water and boiled for 10 minutes, then filtered through cloth to obtain 40 g of liquid (p. 96). 10 g of alum is cooked and evaporated until a white residue remains, which is then crushed and added to the mixture (p. 96). 10 g of soot is added to the mixture and crushed with the finger for two days. Finally, 40 g of Arabic gum is added to achieve a honey-like consistency (p. 96).

Original Recipe Text

Method 2 (Âhar Mecmuası): 20 g of gall is added to 80 g of water and boiled for 10 minutes, then filtered through cloth to obtain 40 g of liquid (p. 96). 10 g of alum is cooked and evaporated until a white residue remains, which is then crushed and added to the mixture (p. 96). 10 g of soot is added to the mixture and crushed with the finger for two days. Finally, 40 g of Arabic gum is added to achieve a honey-like consistency (p. 96).

Evidence

"The ink production method given in Âhar Mecmuası, which is estimated to be published in the 18th century in Istanbul National Library, is as follows: 6.5 dirhams soot, 26 dirhams gum, 13 dirhams gall, 6.5 dirhams alum. First, gall is boiled. Alum is burned and added to the water. Then, the Arabic gum is mixed with this water. Then, soot is added to the mixture slowly. A good quality ink is obtained after filtration.”"

Remarks

The black color of this ink is darker and brighter compared to Method 1. It is resistant to sunlight and maintains good fluidity for writing (p. 96).

Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionC, C14H10O9 (tannins), KAl(SO4)2·12H2O (alum)
Analytical Techniques
sunlight exposure test
visual inspection
experimental reproduction
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Not Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
BinderAcacia gum
Colorquite dark and bright
RegionTURKEY
Approx. Year1750
Source Information
AuthorBahattin YAMAN & Fatma ÖZDEMİR
CollectionÂhar Mecmuası (18th century), Istanbul National Library
Language
N/A
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