hibr

Egypt
12th Century
Source: Levey, M. (1964). Some Black Inks in Early Mediaeval Jewish Literature. Chymia, 9, 27-31.
Recipe Details

Ingredients

gallnuts, chalcanthum, gum

Preparation Steps

A tannin-based ink whose ingredients are gum and chalcanthum (vitriol/vitriol of copper or iron) mixed with gallnuts (p. 30).

Original Recipe Text

A tannin-based ink whose ingredients are gum and chalcanthum (vitriol/vitriol of copper or iron) mixed with gallnuts (p. 30).

Evidence

"Maimonides himself advocated the use of gallnut and vitriol ink so that the Torah writing would persist."

Remarks

Maimonides distinguished between the Arabic hibr (tannin ink) and the Talmudic deyo (soot ink). He advocated the use of the former for the Torah to ensure writing permanence (p. 30-31).

Scientific Analysis
Certainty Level
Inferred
Instrumentally Verified
Not Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
Bindergum
ColorBlack
RegionEgypt
Approx. Year1150
Source Information
AuthorLevey, M.
CollectionMaimonides' advocacy
Language
N/A
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