pink pigment

Istanbul
18th Century
Source: Azra Haskovic & Saida Ibragic (2022) Use of Analytical Methods in Revealing the Techniques of Ottoman Calligraphers: An Illuminated Manuscript from the Eighteenth Century, Studies in Conservation, 67:5, 313-326, DOI: 10.1080/00393630.2021.1885785
Recipe Details

Ingredients

realgar, minium, basic white lead

Preparation Steps

The pink color was likely obtained by mixing realgar with minium and toning it with basic white lead (p. 12).

Original Recipe Text

The pink color was likely obtained by mixing realgar with minium and toning it with basic white lead (p. 12).

Evidence

"it appears that the pink color was obtained using realgar possibly mixed with minium and toned with basic white lead."

Remarks

Gray segments with visible discoloration indicate that sulfur reacted with lead over time to produce lead sulfide (p. 12).

Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionPb3(CO3)2(OH)2 + alpha-As4S4
Analytical Techniques
XRF
FTIR
Certainty Level
Probable
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
ColorPink
RegionIstanbul
Approx. Year1750
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