azurite

Istanbul
18th Century
Source: Azra Haskovic & Saida Ibragic (2022) Use of Analytical Methods in Revealing the Techniques of Ottoman Calligraphers: An Illuminated Manuscript from the Eighteenth Century, Studies in Conservation, 67:5, 313-326, DOI: 10.1080/00393630.2021.1885785
Recipe Details

Ingredients

azurite, gum arabic

Preparation Steps

The pigment was likely mixed with gum arabic, following typical 13th to 19th-century recipes for Islamic manuscripts (p. 10). It may be coarsely or finely ground to produce different blue tones (p. 10).

Original Recipe Text

The pigment was likely mixed with gum arabic, following typical 13th to 19th-century recipes for Islamic manuscripts (p. 10). It may be coarsely or finely ground to produce different blue tones (p. 10).

Evidence

"The spectral region around 1400 cm−1 corresponds to the CO3 2− ion. These absorptions can be attributed to azurite."

Remarks

UV examination showed a blue fluorescence characteristic for azurite and ruled out ultramarine (p. 9). The absence of Co or significant K and Fe confirmed the identity against Prussian blue or indigo (p. 12). Optical microscopy revealed detachment of particles on the illumination (p. 13).

Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Analytical Techniques
X-ray fluorescence
UV light
FTIR
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
BinderAcacia gum
ColorBlue
RegionIstanbul
Approx. Year1750
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