carbon-based black ink
Istanbul
18th Century
Source: Azra Haskovic & Saida Ibragic (2022) Use of Analytical Methods in Revealing the Techniques of Ottoman Calligraphers: An Illuminated Manuscript from the Eighteenth Century, Studies in Conservation, 67:5, 313-326, DOI: 10.1080/00393630.2021.1885785
Recipe Details
Ingredients
lamp soot, burnt linseed oil, resin, tar, gum arabic, honey, aloe vera
Preparation Steps
Ottoman calligraphers mostly used ink pigments based on lamp soot or burnt linseed oil, resin, or tar to prepare carbon-based black ink. The soot was traditionally suspended in gum arabic, honey, and water. (p. 2) Inks were sometimes perfumed; aloe vera was added to ward off flies and worms, whereas honey was used as a preservative. (p. 2)
Original Recipe Text
Ottoman calligraphers mostly used ink pigments based on lamp soot or burnt linseed oil, resin, or tar to prepare carbon-based black ink. The soot was traditionally suspended in gum arabic, honey, and water. (p. 2) Inks were sometimes perfumed; aloe vera was added to ward off flies and worms, whereas honey was used as a preservative. (p. 2)
Evidence
"The obtained results indicate that this lavishly illuminated manuscript was created by choosing the finest and least deteriorating materials of its time including carbon-based ink"
Remarks
The Fe concentrations did not exceed those in the paper, making it unlikely to be iron gall or another iron-containing ink (p. 11). Good carbon inks rarely fade and do not change their support but rather detach themselves or peel off (p. 12).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionC
Analytical Techniques
X-ray fluorescence
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
BinderAcacia gum
ColorBlack
RegionIstanbul
Approx. Year1750
Source Information
AuthorAzra Haskovic & Saida Ibragic
CollectionIstanbul
Language
N/A
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