carbon

Iran
15th Century
Source: Unknown Author, Chapter 5: Colour Materials Analysis of Persian Manuscripts
Recipe Details

Ingredients

carbon

Preparation Steps

Carbon is used to create black colors in manuscript Persian 9 (p. 182). It is often identified in grey, black, and white spots across various folios (p. 181). Specific preparation methods are not detailed, but its use is presented as a standard for the region (p. 182).

Original Recipe Text

Carbon is used to create black colors in manuscript Persian 9 (p. 182). It is often identified in grey, black, and white spots across various folios (p. 181). Specific preparation methods are not detailed, but its use is presented as a standard for the region (p. 182).

Evidence

"It should be noted that like many Persian manuscripts, the white and black colours used in this manuscript are white lead and carbon."

Remarks

Six spots of grey, three of black/white, and seven of metallic gold were analyzed in Persian 9 (p. 181). Carbon and white lead are consistent components of the non-metallic palette for these values (p. 182).

Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionC
Analytical Techniques
FORS
XRF
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
ColorBlack
RegionIran
Approx. Year1450
Source Information
AuthorUnknown Author, Chapter 5: Colour Materials Analysis of Persian Manuscripts
CollectionPersian 9
Language
N/A
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