kājal (lamp black)
India
20th Century
Source: Sievers, Philological Encounters 8 (2023) 73–109
Recipe Details
Ingredients
kājal (lamp black), varnish
Preparation Steps
Black printing ink is composed by mixing kājal (lamp black) with varnish (p. 101). Successful production is highly dependent on the quality of the lamp black used and the precision of the grinding process (p. 101).
Original Recipe Text
Black printing ink is composed by mixing kājal (lamp black) with varnish (p. 101). Successful production is highly dependent on the quality of the lamp black used and the precision of the grinding process (p. 101).
Evidence
"Black printing ink is made of kājal and varnish. The quality of black printing ink depends on the quality of kājal and the quality of grinding (pisāʾī)."
Remarks
Black printing (sīyāh chapāʾī) was the predominant method for Urdu books and advertisements in the early 20th century, though colored inks were increasingly used for specific items like greeting cards and book titles (p. 102).
Scientific Analysis
Analytical Techniques
Historical manual analysis
Certainty Level
Inferred
Instrumentally Verified
Not Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
Bindervarnish
ColorBlack
RegionIndia
Approx. Year1950
Source Information
AuthorSievers, Philological Encounters 8
CollectionNorth India
Language
N/A
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