lac (Kerria lacca kerr)
Egypt
16th Century
Source: Ebeid, H., Di Gianvincenzo, F., Kralj Cigić, I. & Strlič, M. (2024). Chromatographic analysis of natural dyes in mediaeval Islamic paper. Heritage Science, 12, 13.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
lac dye, laccaic acids
Preparation Steps
Lac dye was extracted from animal sources (p. 1). In the study, lac identification was based on signals eluting between 11 to 22 minutes associated with laccaic acids (p. 6). Confirmed samples AS2-2, AS2-3, and AS4 showed spectral correspondence to laccaic acid standards '1' through '4' (p. 10, Fig. 2).
Original Recipe Text
Lac dye was extracted from animal sources (p. 1). In the study, lac identification was based on signals eluting between 11 to 22 minutes associated with laccaic acids (p. 6). Confirmed samples AS2-2, AS2-3, and AS4 showed spectral correspondence to laccaic acid standards '1' through '4' (p. 10, Fig. 2).
Evidence
"Lac dye was confidently identified in three samples: AS2-2, AS2-3, and AS4. In each of these samples, we found at least three signals with spectra very similar to those of standard laccaic acid and lac-dyed model samples"
Remarks
Lac dye signals suggest differences in molecular structures between samples, reflected in varying retention times and UV-vis absorbances (p. 10). It was potentially identified in 21 other samples but confirmed with high confidence only in three (p. 10, Table 1).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical Compositionlaccaic acids
Analytical Techniques
high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC–DAD)
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
Paper TypeIslamic paper
ColorRed
RegionEgypt
Approx. Year1550
Source Information
AuthorEbeid, H., Di Gianvincenzo, F., Kralj Cigić, I. & Strlič, M.
CollectionEgypt
Language
N/A
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