cochineal carmine extract

Morocco
Source: J. Raman Spectrosc. 2013, 44, 114–120
Recipe Details

Ingredients

cochineal insect, carmine

Preparation Steps

The organic dye is extracted from the cochineal insect or its congener kermes. Carmine is an anthraquinoid compound which may be carminic acid (p. 117).

Original Recipe Text

The organic dye is extracted from the cochineal insect or its congener kermes. Carmine is an anthraquinoid compound which may be carminic acid (p. 117).

Evidence

"Therefore, we have concluded that the SERS spectrum of the pink crimson pigment, used in the studied Moroccan artworks, corresponds to the cochineal carmine extract."

Remarks

Found on manuscripts MEK-MS-1 and MEK-MS-4 (p. 117). Carmine is noted to be ten times more colorant than kermes. Cochineal was imported from Mexico to Europe in the late 16th century, while kermes is native to southern Europe (p. 117).

Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionC22H20O13
Analytical Techniques
UV–visible diffuse reflectance
SERS
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
ColorRed
RegionMorocco
Source Information
AuthorJ. Raman Spectrosc. 2013, 44, 114–120
Collectionold city of Meknes and Fez
Language
N/A
AI Suggestions
Find similar recipes based on ingredients and preparation methods.
    cochineal carmine extract (Historical) | Islamic Ink Atlas