European paper, propatria

Ingredients

pulp

Preparation Steps

Original Recipe Text

The paper describes European paper (p. 3, 5, 8) as having specific criteria including watermarks, countermarks, laid lines, and chain lines. Machine-made versions produced after the 19th century have better prints and unshadowed lines (p. 7), while manual production before the 19th century resulted in shadow lines (p. 7). Specifically, the propatria watermark papers mentioned were imported from Holland (p. 5) during the colonial period (p. 8).

Evidence

"In most Acehnese manuscripts, European papers were found with propatria watermarks produced by Holland. It makes sense because Aceh was once colonized by Holland in the same period from 1873 to 1942 of war against the Dutch."

Remarks

The prevalence of Dutch paper in Aceh is linked to the Dutch colonization of the region between 1873 and 1942 (p. 8). These papers were used by authors to write on various subjects including science and religious texts like the Al-Qur'an (p. 8). The study notes that European paper was often provided with a colorless stamp or imitation watermark that creates a touchable figure or writing protruding upwards (p. 4).