lead white
Turkey
Source: Mert, E. (2008). A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFERENT INK INGREDIENTS USED IN ANCIENT ORNAMENTED MANUSCRIPTS. M.Sc. Thesis. Middle East Technical University.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
lead strips, vinegar, urine, dung heap
Preparation Steps
Prepared by suspending strips of lead above vinegar or urine in a vase, sealing it, and burying it in a dung heap for several days. After this period, the artist scraped off the crust formation on the lead and ground it for use (p. 6).
Original Recipe Text
Prepared by suspending strips of lead above vinegar or urine in a vase, sealing it, and burying it in a dung heap for several days. After this period, the artist scraped off the crust formation on the lead and ground it for use (p. 6).
Evidence
"Lead white is a basic lead carbonate, soluble in dilute nitric and acetic acid and its chemical formula is, (2.Pb(CO3)2 .Pb(OH)2)"
Remarks
Lead white was primarily used for writing 'sure' or chapter headings in ornamented Qur’ans (p. 6). It is poisonous if ingested or inhaled and tends to darken when exposed to air or hydrogen sulfide, forming black PbS (p. 6). It is incompatible with verdigris and orpiment (p. 6).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical Composition(2.Pb(CO3)2 .Pb(OH)2)
Analytical Techniques
Microscopic appearance
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
ColorWhite
RegionTurkey
Source Information
AuthorMert, E.
Collectionmanufactured pigment
Language
N/A
AI Suggestions
Find similar recipes based on ingredients and preparation methods.