calcite or gypsum
Iran
9th Century
Source: Siddall, R. (2018). Mineral Pigments in Archaeology: Their Analysis and the Range of Available Materials. Minerals, 8(5), 201.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
calcite, gypsum
Preparation Steps
The pigments were identified as either calcium carbonate (calcite) or calcium sulphate (gypsum) variants (p. 11). These are universally used for grounds and as white pigments in various cultural contexts. In Islamic architecture, they are often applied as limewash or plaster of Paris (p. 11).
Original Recipe Text
The pigments were identified as either calcium carbonate (calcite) or calcium sulphate (gypsum) variants (p. 11). These are universally used for grounds and as white pigments in various cultural contexts. In Islamic architecture, they are often applied as limewash or plaster of Paris (p. 11).
Evidence
"Holakooei et al. [86] have identified white pigments used at the early Islamic site of Nishapur in Central Iran to be composed of calcite or gypsum."
Remarks
The study by Holakooei et al. (2014) is part of a broader expansion of identifying specific mineral phases in Islamic architecture. While calcite and gypsum are common, they must be distinguished from more specialized whites like huntite (p. 11).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionCaCO3 or CaSO4·2H2O
Analytical Techniques
Raman
PLM
XRD
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
ColorWhite
RegionIran
Approx. Year850
Source Information
AuthorSiddall, R.
Collectionearly Islamic site of Nishapur in Central Iran
Language
N/A
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