persimmon fruit juice

Ingredients

persimmon fruit juice

Preparation Steps

Original Recipe Text

An impregnating agent, likely persimmon fruit juice, was applied to dluwang or cloth bindings (p. 197). This treatment made the materials 'resemble leather' and typically resulted in a dark brown color as seen in Fig. 190 (p. 192).

Evidence

"Whenever the impregnating agent (persimmon fruit juice or a similar fluid) was used, it was with dluwang endleaves."

Remarks

This technique is specific to Southeast Asian manuscripts and identifies a local adaptation to simulate traditional Islamic leather bindings using indigenous botanical resources (p. 197).