دخان
India
11th Century
Source: Ibn Badis, Al-Mu‘izz. ‘Umdat al-Kuttab wa ‘Uddat Dhawi al-Albab.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
مرة البقر, سمن, دهن البان, الخيرى, البنفسج, النفط, دخان
Preparation Steps
The process involves taking cow gall and fats such as ghee, ben oil, wallflower oil, violet oil, or naphtha. The oil is placed in a vessel, and another vessel is inverted over it. Fire is applied under the lower vessel until the oil is converted entirely into smoke (soot) that collects on the ceiling of the upper vessel. This soot is then gathered and processed into ink. Note: This black substance is also suggested as a hair dye (p. 80).
Original Recipe Text
The process involves taking cow gall and fats such as ghee, ben oil, wallflower oil, violet oil, or naphtha. The oil is placed in a vessel, and another vessel is inverted over it. Fire is applied under the lower vessel until the oil is converted entirely into smoke (soot) that collects on the ceiling of the upper vessel. This soot is then gathered and processed into ink. Note: This black substance is also suggested as a hair dye (p. 80).
Evidence
"تأخذ ممن البقر ودهناً من الأدهان مثل السمن ومثل دهن البان والخيرى والبنفسج والنفط ، أى دهن كان ، وتضعه في إناء وتضع عليه إناء آخر وتوقد تحت الإناء الذى فيه الدهن أو السمن أو أى دهن أردت حتى يصير الدهن أو السمن كله دخاناً قد صعد في سماء الإناء الأعلى ، فتجمعه وتعمل بهذا الدخان كما عملت بالمداد الأول . وهذا السواد يصلح خضاباً لسواد الشعر إن شاء الله تعالى ."
Remarks
This recipe emphasizes the use of various aromatic or medicinal oils to produce a specific type of high-quality soot for 'Indian' ink (p. 80).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionC
Analytical Techniques
Historical textual analysis
Certainty Level
Probable
Instrumentally Verified
Not Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
Binderمرة البقر
Colorأسود
RegionIndia
Approx. Year1050
Source Information
AuthorIbn Badis, Al-Mu‘izz. ‘Umdat al-Kuttab wa ‘Uddat Dhawi al-Albab.
Collectionالهند
Language
N/A
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