مداد

Preparation Steps

Original Recipe Text

The text identifies that the second axis (section) of the treatise 'Al-Risala al-Adhra' by Ibrahim ibn al-Mudabbir (d. 279 AH) is dedicated specifically to the physical tools and materials of writing (p. 68). This includes detailed focus on 'midād' (ink), the 'dawāh' (inkwell), and 'aqlām' (pens). However, the specific chemical ingredients or the step-by-step manufacturing process are not reproduced in these analytical pages (p. 68).

Evidence

"الثاني: خصه بآلة الكتابة وأدواتها من دواة ومداد وأقلام وخطوط وغيرها"

Remarks

The document provides an archaeographical context for writing materials in the 9th century (3rd century AH) Abbasid state. It highlights the professionalization of the scribe's craft through the 'Sina'at al-Kitaba' (industry of writing), linking the use of high-quality ink and tools to the needs of the administrative registers or 'Dawawin' (p. 68-69). The text emphasizes that Ibrahim ibn al-Mudabbir was an expert in the 'art of knowing the tools' required for kings and caliphs (p. 73).