artificial gems
Arab
11th Century
Source: A. Y. al-Hassan, D. R. Hill, Islamic Technology, op. cit., p. 167; E. Wiedemann, Beiträge zur Mineralogie etc. bei den Arabern, in: Studien zur Geschichte der Chemie, Berlin 1927, pp. 48-54.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
metals
Preparation Steps
The production of artificial gems (mineral-based colorants/glass) utilized a specialized 'self-ventilating' kiln known as a tannur (p. 7, 18). The kiln is placed in a windy location and its fire is described as 'extremely strong' (p. 7). This high heat environment 'calcinates the metals and amalgamates them and melts them' (p. 7), a process necessary for the synthesis of artificial mineral products and gems (p. 18).
Original Recipe Text
The production of artificial gems (mineral-based colorants/glass) utilized a specialized 'self-ventilating' kiln known as a tannur (p. 7, 18). The kiln is placed in a windy location and its fire is described as 'extremely strong' (p. 7). This high heat environment 'calcinates the metals and amalgamates them and melts them' (p. 7), a process necessary for the synthesis of artificial mineral products and gems (p. 18).
Evidence
"A Kiln for the production of artificial gems"
Remarks
The kiln described for this production stands on three feet and features a base with a hole for ash removal (p. 7). The process is documented in MS Gotha 1347 within a chapter excerpts from a larger book on mineralogy (p. 18). E. Wiedemann was among the first researchers to highlight these specific production kilns for gems in the Arab-Islamic scientific tradition (p. 18).
Scientific Analysis
Certainty Level
Inferred
Instrumentally Verified
Not Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
RegionArab
Approx. Year1050
Source Information
TitleUntitled
AuthorA. Y. al-Hassan, D. R. Hill, Islamic Technology, op. cit., p. 167; E. Wiedemann, Beiträge zur Mineralogie etc. bei den Arabern, in: Studien zur Geschichte der Chemie, Berlin 1927, pp. 48-54.
CollectionMS Gotha 1347
Language
N/A
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