red dots for vocalization
Iraq
8th Century
Source: Gacek, Adam. Arabic manuscripts: a vademecum for readers. Leiden: Brill, 2009.
Recipe Details
Preparation Steps
According to tradition, vocalization by means of coloured dots (naqt, tanqit) was introduced by Abu al-Aswad al-Duɹali (d. 67/686) and further developed (p. 288). The dots were executed as follows: fathah as a superscript dot, kasrah as a subscript dot, dammah as a dot before a letter or to the left, and tanwin as two dots (p. 288).
Original Recipe Text
According to tradition, vocalization by means of coloured dots (naqt, tanqit) was introduced by Abu al-Aswad al-Duɹali (d. 67/686) and further developed (p. 288). The dots were executed as follows: fathah as a superscript dot, kasrah as a subscript dot, dammah as a dot before a letter or to the left, and tanwin as two dots (p. 288).
Evidence
"Parchment leaf of an early Abbasid Qurɹan with the text using red dots for vocalization"
Remarks
The early Abbasid Qur'an leaf (RBD AC181) also features slanted strokes for diacritical pointing (p. 288). The practice of using colored dots for vocalization reportedly came into Arabic via Syriac and was used almost exclusively in Qur'ans (p. 288).
Scientific Analysis
Analytical Techniques
visual examination
Certainty Level
Inferred
Instrumentally Verified
Not Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
ColorRed
RegionIraq
Approx. Year750
Source Information
AuthorGacek, Adam. Arabic manuscripts: a vademecum for readers. Leiden: Brill, 2009.
CollectionRBD AC181
Language
N/A
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