cotton rag; machine made; hand made; cream wove; blue laid; green wove

Canada
19th Century
Source: Orlandini, V. (2009). Effect of Aqueous Treatments on Nineteenth-Century Iron-Gall-Ink Documents: Calcium Phytate Treatment—Optimization of Existing Protocols. The Book and Paper Group Annual, 28, 137-146.
Recipe Details

Ingredients

cotton rag, gelatin size, calcium sulfate (gypsum) filler

Preparation Steps

Nineteenth-century paper substrates investigated include cotton rag fibers with gelatin sizing and fillers such as calcium sulfate (gypsum) (p. 143). Sizing was verified using FTIR-ATR with a Travel IR spectrometer (p. 141).

Original Recipe Text

Nineteenth-century paper substrates investigated include cotton rag fibers with gelatin sizing and fillers such as calcium sulfate (gypsum) (p. 143). Sizing was verified using FTIR-ATR with a Travel IR spectrometer (p. 141).

Evidence

"The samples had different ink compositions and paper substrates and were selected for the study even though they were in relatively good condition overall"

Remarks

Analysis of the paper substrates via µXRF (Table 3, p. 141) showed various trace elements. Sample 1 (1856 Cream wove) contained Fe, Ca, K, Cl, S. Sample 2 (1849 Grayish cream) contained Fe, Zn, Cu, Ca, Mn, K. Sample 3 (1864 Blue laid) contained Ca, S, Fe, K, Cu. Simmering treatments at 90°C were found to remove sizing (gelatin) and fillers like gypsum, increasing the paper's flexibility and brightness but potentially affecting structural integrity (p. 143).

Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionFe, Ca, K, Cl, S, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mn, Co, Ni, Ti
Analytical Techniques
surface pH Meter
XRF
FTIR
water absorption measurements
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
paper
Bindergelatin size
Paper Typecotton rag; machine made; hand made; cream wove; blue laid; green wove
ColorGreen
RegionCanada
Approx. Year1850
Source Information
TitleEffect of Aqueous Treatments on Nineteenth-Century Iron-Gall-Ink Documents: Calcium Phytate Treatment—Optimization of Existing Protocols
AuthorOrlandini, V.
CollectionCanadian Conservation Institute (CCI) sample collection
Language
N/A
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