iron-ocher pigment; gold leaf; original red/brown (iron- and calcium-based) ground
England
12th Century
Recipe Details
Ingredients
gold, iron, calcium
Preparation Steps
Not explicitly detailed for the original layers, but involves a bole (iron- and calcium-based ground) beneath gold leaf (p. 91).
Original Recipe Text
Not explicitly detailed for the original layers, but involves a bole (iron- and calcium-based ground) beneath gold leaf (p. 91).
Evidence
"macro-XRF mapping revealed a white, calcium-based ground that was used in isolated areas within the losses in the original red/brown (iron- and calcium-based) ground (Fig. 12b). ... iron-ocher pigment used for Christ’s hair and outlines of hands."
Remarks
The original 12th-century ground was found to be iron- and calcium-based. Analysis revealed subsequent repairs. Macro-XRF (MA-XRF) mapping identified specific elemental distributions: Fe map showed the extent of the original bole ground and iron-ocher used for outlines, while the Au map showed the application method of the gold leaf (p. 91).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionFe; Ca; Au
Analytical Techniques
XRF
transmitted light
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
ColorBrown
RegionEngland
Approx. Year1150
Source Information
AuthorAnonymous
CollectionNorthern England (perhaps York); East Anglia (perhaps Norfolk)
Language
N/A
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