pure cotton chromatography paper Whatman no. 1

Italy
21th Century
Source: Piantanida, G., Bicchieri, M., & Coluzza, C. (2005). Atomic force microscopy characterization of the ageing of pure cellulose paper. Polymer, 46(26), 12313-12321.
Recipe Details

Ingredients

pure cotton, cellulose

Preparation Steps

Pure cotton chromatography paper Whatman no. 1 sheets were subjected to a temperature and moisture-stimulated accelerated ageing (AA) protocol within a climatic chamber at 80 °C and 65% relative humidity, following the ISO 5630-3/1996 standard (p. 12314). The maximum ageing duration was 49 days, with samples collected at intermediate stages of 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days (Section 2.1). Average degree of polymerisation (DP) was determined via viscosity measurements. Acidity and carboxyl content were assessed according to ASTM D1926-00, ASTM D1795-96(2001) e1 and TAPPI T 435 om-02 standards. Carbonyl content measurement utilized a specialized method involving borane tert-butylamine complex reduction developed at the I.C.P.L. (p. 12314).

Original Recipe Text

Pure cotton chromatography paper Whatman no. 1 sheets were subjected to a temperature and moisture-stimulated accelerated ageing (AA) protocol within a climatic chamber at 80 °C and 65% relative humidity, following the ISO 5630-3/1996 standard (p. 12314). The maximum ageing duration was 49 days, with samples collected at intermediate stages of 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days (Section 2.1). Average degree of polymerisation (DP) was determined via viscosity measurements. Acidity and carboxyl content were assessed according to ASTM D1926-00, ASTM D1795-96(2001) e1 and TAPPI T 435 om-02 standards. Carbonyl content measurement utilized a specialized method involving borane tert-butylamine complex reduction developed at the I.C.P.L. (p. 12314).

Evidence

"The system investigated is pure cotton chromatography paper Whatman no. 1. sheets were subjected to temperature and moisture-stimulated accelerated ageing (AA in the following) in a climatic chamber (80 8C; R.H. 65%), according to ISO 5630-3/1996 standard."

Remarks

The study explores Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) as a micro-destructive tool for evaluating the state of preservation of pure cellulose paper. Experimental results showed that ageing induces a non-homogeneous decomposition of the fiber surface into fibril bunches, interpreted as a deterioration of the fiber cuticle (Abstract, Section 3.2). Spectrophotometric measurements in the UV-vis-NIR range (200–2500 nm) confirmed the formation of yellow chromophores and carbonyl groups, identifying oxidation and hydrolysis as the primary degradation mechanisms (p. 12313). It was established that for Whatman no. 1 paper, 7 days of accelerated ageing in the specified chamber corresponds to approximately 10 years of natural ageing under standard laboratory conditions (p. 12314). AFM imaging was found to be sensitive to morphological deterioration even when mechanical and colorimetric properties showed no significant change (p. 12320).

Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionCellulose
Analytical Techniques
viscosity measurement
Varian Cary 5 spectrophotometer
Minolta Chroma Meter CR22
CIE L*a*b* system
scanning electron microscopy
UV-Vis
AFM
scanning near-field optical microscopy
Atomic force microscopy
SNOM
SEM
spectrophotometric measurement
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
paper
Paper Typepure cotton chromatography paper Whatman no. 1
ColorYellow
RegionItaly
Approx. Year2050
Source Information
TitleAtomic force microscopy characterization of the ageing of pure cellulose paper
AuthorPiantanida, G., Bicchieri, M., & Coluzza, C.
CollectionWhatman no. 1 chromatography paper
Language
N/A
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