orpiment

Ingredients

orpiment, yellow dye, gold, red lead, gypsum

Preparation Steps

Original Recipe Text

Orpiment was used in its pure form or in various combinations. These four colour combinations include: orpiment + yellow dye, orpiment + gold, orpiment + red lead, and a mixture of orpiment + yellow dye + gypsum (p. 292). These were utilized across different manuscript schools to achieve specific yellow tonalities (p. 292).

Evidence

"orpiment is considered as the first main colour material for the yellow. This pigment has been used many times in different cities (schools) over time."

Remarks

Orpiment is classified as the 'first main colour material' for yellow tones in this study (p. 292). It was often combined with other materials to create sub-colour variations. When mixed with dyes, identifying the specific dye (like saffron or turmeric) was difficult due to analytical limitations (p. 292).