صبغ أسود (sibgh aswad)

Egypt
16th Century
Source: Zahr al-Basatin fi 'Ilm al-Mashatin (Edited Treatise), p. 178-188.
Recipe Details

Ingredients

زاج (Zaj), عفص ('Afs), قشر رمان مطحون (Qishr Rumman mat-hun), برادة حديد (Buradat Hadid), نوشادر (Nushadir), خل (Khal), خمر (Khamr)

Preparation Steps

The recipe (p. 181, section 214) for a black dye consists of 1 ounce of vitriol (zaj), 1 ounce of gallnuts ('afs), 1.25 ounces of ground pomegranate peel (qishr rumman mat-hun), 0.5 ounce of iron filings (buradat hadid), and 0.25 ounce of sal ammoniac (nushadir). All components are to be crushed and ground together, then soaked in a mixture of vinegar and wine (khal khamr). The resulting mixture is hung in the sun for three days before being applied. The text claims this mixture is so effective it can change a person's skin color to look like a slave (aswad).

Original Recipe Text

The recipe (p. 181, section 214) for a black dye consists of 1 ounce of vitriol (zaj), 1 ounce of gallnuts ('afs), 1.25 ounces of ground pomegranate peel (qishr rumman mat-hun), 0.5 ounce of iron filings (buradat hadid), and 0.25 ounce of sal ammoniac (nushadir). All components are to be crushed and ground together, then soaked in a mixture of vinegar and wine (khal khamr). The resulting mixture is hung in the sun for three days before being applied. The text claims this mixture is so effective it can change a person's skin color to look like a slave (aswad).

Evidence

"صفة صبغ أسود : زاج أوقية ، عفص أوقية ، قشر رمان مطحون أوقية وربع أوقية ، برادة حديد نصف أوقية ، نوشادر ربع أوقية . (هد : ٢٥ و) يسحق الجميع ، وينقع في خل خمر ، وتعلق في الشمس ثلاثة أيام ، ويدهن به ، فإن الشخص يصير كالعبد في اللون ، فافهم ذلك فإنه غريب ."

Remarks

This recipe is found in the chapter concerning the arts of the Banu Sasan (p. 183), which often involves tricks and visual deceptions. The use of vitriol and iron filings combined with tannins from gallnuts and pomegranate peel describes a traditional chemistry used for black inks and leather dyes (p. 181).

Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionFeSO4, NH4Cl, Fe, Tannins
Certainty Level
Inferred
Instrumentally Verified
Not Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
Binderخل خمر (khal khamr)
ColorBlack
RegionEgypt
Approx. Year1550
Source Information
AuthorZahr al-Basatin fi 'Ilm al-Mashatin
CollectionUnknown
Language
N/A
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