parchment

Ingredients

sheep skin, goat skin, calf skin, gazelle skin, lime, dates solution, pumice stone, chalk

Preparation Steps

Original Recipe Text

Parchment (known as rekk or jild) was manufactured from animal skins (sheep, goats, calves, or gazelles). The process involved using a lime or dates solution to remove hair, followed by cleaning with a scraper or blade (p. 77, Section 5). The skin was stretched on a wooden frame for drying. Pumice stone was applied to flatten the surface, and chalk was scrubbed in to produce a white, smooth writing surface (p. 77).

Evidence

"The manuscript scribe used a parchment as a writing material"

Remarks

The manuscript is a single folio (49.4 cm x 39 cm) from the Tareq Rajab Museum (QUR-0001-TSR). Most early Qur'anic fragments from the 1st to 4th centuries AH are on gazelle skin (p. 77). The study uses histogram plots to prove the uniform distribution of lines on the parchment surface (p. 79).