المداد الأسود

Evidence

"أحدهما بالمداد الأحمر والآخر بالمداد الأسود"

Remarks

Black ink was the primary medium for text in Najdi manuscripts. Scribes often achieved high precision in script execution (Al-Dabt), although the quality varied by scribe (p. 385). It was frequently used in conjunction with red ink to create visual hierarchy and break the monotony of the text (p. 399). In some instances, particularly in geometric decorations like 'Al-Jadwala' (framing), the color of the writing ink was used for the decoration itself to maintain consistency (p. 390, 392).