red lead and vermilion

Iran
18th Century
Source: Koochakzaei et al. Heritage Science (2022) 10:30
Recipe Details

Ingredients

red lead, vermilion

Preparation Steps

In the sections where red lead is utilized in the writing, an amount of vermilion mixed with it have been used (p. 13). Vermilion was added to red lead to improve its color properties for writing (p. 6).

Original Recipe Text

In the sections where red lead is utilized in the writing, an amount of vermilion mixed with it have been used (p. 13). Vermilion was added to red lead to improve its color properties for writing (p. 6).

Evidence

"A mixture of red lead and vermilion was also detected in the red/orange ink."

Remarks

Microscopic examination showed a mixture of two red pigment types (p. 6). Deep violet dots observed in UVFC correspond to the presence of vermilion (p. 12).

Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionPb3O4, HgS
Analytical Techniques
Raman
XRF
ultraviolet false color (UVFC)
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
ColorOrange
RegionIran
Approx. Year1750
Source Information
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