orpiment with gypsum
Iran
15th Century
Source: Dissertation on 15th-century Persian manuscripts and color materials.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
orpiment, gypsum
Preparation Steps
The painters mixed orpiment (As2S3) with gypsum as a white pigment/extender to lighten the tone, producing a bright and pale yellow (p. 316).
Original Recipe Text
The painters mixed orpiment (As2S3) with gypsum as a white pigment/extender to lighten the tone, producing a bright and pale yellow (p. 316).
Evidence
"In manuscript AKM 6 in folio 63 in the XRF spectrum of the yellow spots, in addition to the amount of AS (Orpiment) has been seen a certain peak of Ca and S, which can be a reason for claiming that the painters of this manuscript have combined and used orpiment with gypsum as white colour in order to produce a very bright and pale-yellow colour."
Remarks
The identification is based on XRF spectra showing peaks for Calcium (Ca) and Sulfur (S) in addition to the Arsenic (As) from the orpiment (p. 316).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionAs2S3 (orpiment) + CaSO4·2H2O (gypsum)
Analytical Techniques
XRF
Certainty Level
Probable
Instrumentally Verified
Not Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
ColorYellow
RegionIran
Approx. Year1450
Source Information
TitleUntitled
AuthorDissertation on 15th-century Persian manuscripts and color materials.
Collectionmanuscript AKM 6 (folio 63)
Language
N/A
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