Fe3+-polyphenol dark complexes

Iberia
16th Century
Source: Teixeira, N., Nabais, P., de Freitas, V. et al. (2021). In-depth phenolic characterization of iron gall inks by deconstructing representative Iberian recipes. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 8811.
Recipe Details

Ingredients

Romper Crush galls, Water, Acije (FeSO4), Gum arabic

Preparation Steps

The Montpellier recipe (Table 1, p. 3) utilizes Romper Crush galls in water (34.96 mL per 1 g galls). The iron source is 'Acije' (FeSO4). The ingredients mass ratio (Galls:FeSO4:Gum) is 1:0.6:0.6. The preparation consists of a 3-day extraction period at room temperature followed by boiling until the volume is reduced fourfold. The resulting mixture is filtered before use (p. 3).

Original Recipe Text

The Montpellier recipe (Table 1, p. 3) utilizes Romper Crush galls in water (34.96 mL per 1 g galls). The iron source is 'Acije' (FeSO4). The ingredients mass ratio (Galls:FeSO4:Gum) is 1:0.6:0.6. The preparation consists of a 3-day extraction period at room temperature followed by boiling until the volume is reduced fourfold. The resulting mixture is filtered before use (p. 3).

Evidence

"Montpellier | Romper Crush | Water | Acije | 1:0.6:0.6 | 3 days, Boil, reduce 4x | Yes"

Remarks

Inks prepared following the Montpellier recipe present higher concentrations of digallic acid (p. 4). The study found that increasing the extraction time (e.g., from 3 to 8 days) significantly increased the concentration of gallic acid and other detected compounds (p. 6). The pH of the final ink with gum arabic was measured at 1.82 (p. 8).

Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionFe3+-polyphenol complexes
Analytical Techniques
HPLC–DAD
HPLC–ESI–MS
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
BinderAcacia gum
ColorBlack
RegionIberia
Approx. Year1550
Source Information
AuthorTeixeira, N., Nabais, P., de Freitas, V. et al.
Collectionreconstruction based on Iberian treatises (Montpellier)
Language
N/A
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