watermarked paper
Africa
14th Century
Source: Fani, S. (2020). Exploring and Preserving the Islamic Manuscript Heritage of Sub-Saharan Africa. Cham : Palgrave Macmillan [10.1007/978-3-030-45759-4_25].
Recipe Details
Ingredients
rags, ropes, animal gelatin, rosin-alum
Preparation Steps
European export paper used mechanized pulping with hydraulic multi-mallet mills and molds with metal laid and chain lines. Unlike traditional Islamic paper, these used animal gelatin sizing instead of starch (p. 5). In the 18th century, bleaching agents and bulking additives like sugar cane waste, spruce, poplar, or pine were introduced, and gelatin was replaced by rosin-alum sizing (p. 5).
Original Recipe Text
European export paper used mechanized pulping with hydraulic multi-mallet mills and molds with metal laid and chain lines. Unlike traditional Islamic paper, these used animal gelatin sizing instead of starch (p. 5). In the 18th century, bleaching agents and bulking additives like sugar cane waste, spruce, poplar, or pine were introduced, and gelatin was replaced by rosin-alum sizing (p. 5).
Evidence
"Italian paper started to be imported in the Islamic world in a quite early stage (fourteenth century in the Maghreb)... Italian paper was distinguished from Arab and Spanish paper by the introduction of watermarks... The most common in the Islamic lands starting from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were the anchor... and the Tre Lune"
Remarks
Common watermarks found in sub-Saharan African manuscripts include the 'anchor' (originally Genoese) and the 'Tre Lune' (Venetian/Piedmontese) (p. 5).
Scientific Analysis
Analytical Techniques
codicological considerations
Certainty Level
Probable
Instrumentally Verified
Not Verified
Metadata
Material Type
paper
Binderanimal gelatin
Paper Typewatermarked paper
RegionAfrica
Approx. Year1350
Source Information
AuthorFani, S.
CollectionItaly
Language
N/A
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