red lead
Mali
19th Century
Source: Brozowsky, E., Colini, C., Hahn, O., & Rabin, I. (2019). Scientific investigations on paper and writing materials of Mali: A pilot study. Journal of African Studies and Development, 11(3), 28-50.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
red lead
Evidence
"In this manuscript, the red ink is not based on cinnabar as in previous manuscripts, but contains red lead."
Remarks
Detected in 'Kitāb fī al-Falak (astronomy)'. Advanced ink corrosion is noted for the associated iron-gall inks in this fragment (p. 39).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionPb3O4
Analytical Techniques
XRF
Certainty Level
Probable
Instrumentally Verified
Not Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
ColorRed
RegionMali
Approx. Year1850
Source Information
AuthorBrozowsky, E., Colini, C., Hahn, O., & Rabin, I.
CollectionUnknown
Language
N/A
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