heterogeneous mixture of carbon and iron-gall ink
Mali
20th Century
Source: Brozowsky, E., Colini, C., Hahn, O., & Rabin, I. (2019). Scientific investigations on paper and writing materials of Mali: A pilot study. Journal of African Studies and Development, 11(3), 28-50.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
carbon, iron-gall
Preparation Steps
While specific recipes for the fragments are not recorded, local oral sources (p. 29) suggest ink production included extraction of different plants using water or potassium carbonate solutions, boiling the resulting powders for 30 min to 1 h at 100°C, and mixing with binders such as gum Arabic.
Original Recipe Text
While specific recipes for the fragments are not recorded, local oral sources (p. 29) suggest ink production included extraction of different plants using water or potassium carbonate solutions, boiling the resulting powders for 30 min to 1 h at 100°C, and mixing with binders such as gum Arabic.
Evidence
"in this case, a heterogeneous mixture of carbon and iron-gall ink in the main text was detected, whereas the comments were executed in pure iron-gall inks."
Remarks
Analysis of the main text showed a mixture of carbon and iron-gall ink. The iron signal (Fe) grows extremely quickly in the inked area (p. 34). The comments were pennned in a different, pure iron-gall ink with distinct elemental profiles including manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn).
Scientific Analysis
Analytical Techniques
XRF
UV/VIS/NIR-micrography
microscopy
Certainty Level
Probable
Instrumentally Verified
Not Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
ColorBlack
RegionMali
Approx. Year1950
Source Information
AuthorBrozowsky, E., Colini, C., Hahn, O., & Rabin, I.
CollectionUnknown
Language
N/A
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