red lead (Pb3O4), ceruse
Ethiopia
17th Century
Source: Wion, A. (2004). An Analysis of 17th-century Ethiopian Pigments. In: Christian Ethiopian Art.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
white lead, ceruse
Preparation Steps
Obtained by calcinations of white lead (ceruse) or sometimes lead itself (p. 107). Found only in the mural paintings of Abbä Antonios, not in the manuscript (p. 107).
Original Recipe Text
Obtained by calcinations of white lead (ceruse) or sometimes lead itself (p. 107). Found only in the mural paintings of Abbä Antonios, not in the manuscript (p. 107).
Evidence
"All samples appear to be red lead (Pb3O4)."
Remarks
Used for shades ranging from pinkish orange to bright orange (p. 107).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionPb3O4
Analytical Techniques
Raman microspectrometry
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
ColorOrange
RegionEthiopia
Approx. Year1650
Source Information
AuthorWion, A.
CollectionAbbä Antonios mural paintings
Language
N/A
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