orpiment, arsenic sulphur (As2S3)
Ethiopia
17th Century
Source: Wion, A. (2004). An Analysis of 17th-century Ethiopian Pigments. In: Christian Ethiopian Art.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
orpiment
Preparation Steps
Orpiment is used to produce bright yellows in manuscripts and pale yellows in murals. The difference in hue is attributed to the use of different binding agents and dilution for larger mural surface areas (p. 106). It can be found as a natural mineral or produced artificially by precipitation or sublimation (p. 106).
Original Recipe Text
Orpiment is used to produce bright yellows in manuscripts and pale yellows in murals. The difference in hue is attributed to the use of different binding agents and dilution for larger mural surface areas (p. 106). It can be found as a natural mineral or produced artificially by precipitation or sublimation (p. 106).
Evidence
"Both shades come from the same source – As2S3, an arsenic sulphur or orpiment."
Remarks
Orpiment, like cinnabar and vermilion, was likely imported into Ethiopia via Red Sea trade routes (p. 106).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionAs2S3
Analytical Techniques
Raman microspectrometry
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
Binderdifferent binding agents for parchment and canvas
ColorYellow
RegionEthiopia
Approx. Year1650
Source Information
AuthorWion, A.
CollectionMS B.N. Eth. Abb. 114 and Abbä Antonios murals
Language
N/A
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