lac dye
Andalusia
14th Century
Source: Vieira, M., Nabais, P., Angelin, E. M., Araújo, R., Almeida Lopes, J., Martín García, L., & Melo, M. J. (2019). Organic red colorants in Islamic manuscripts (12th-15th c.) produced in al-Andalus, part 1. Dyes and Pigments, 166, 451-459.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
lac, urine, quicklime, ashes
Preparation Steps
The formulation in the Theology treatise is associated with recipe 113 of the Paduan manuscript or Chapter 13 of the 'Livro de como se fazem as cores' (15th c.). In Chapter 13 ('para fazeres nobre karmen'), the lac dye extraction is carried out with urine, quicklime, and ashes; no alum is added to the mixture (p. 4).
Original Recipe Text
The formulation in the Theology treatise is associated with recipe 113 of the Paduan manuscript or Chapter 13 of the 'Livro de como se fazem as cores' (15th c.). In Chapter 13 ('para fazeres nobre karmen'), the lac dye extraction is carried out with urine, quicklime, and ashes; no alum is added to the mixture (p. 4).
Evidence
"in the Theology treatise, a perfect match was found with a polysaccharide such as mesquite gum."
Remarks
This manuscript uses a unique binder (mesquite gum) not found in the other manuscripts of the Fondo Ka'ti. The emission and excitation spectra for this lac dye are shifted to lower wavelengths (583 nm and 532 nm) compared to other samples (p. 6, 8).
Scientific Analysis
Analytical Techniques
microspectrofluorimetry
FTIR
fibre optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS-VIS)
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
Bindermesquite gum (polysaccharide)
Paper Typepaper support
ColorRed
RegionAndalusia
Approx. Year1350
Source Information
AuthorVieira, M., Nabais, P., Angelin, E. M., Araújo, R., Almeida Lopes, J., Martín García, L., & Melo, M. J.
CollectionTheology treatise (14th c.), Fondo Ka'ti
Language
N/A
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