Lazurite, Lead white, Vermilion, Red lead, Gold

Turkey
19th Century
Source: Özgörüş, N. K., Ünlü, C. H., Grupče, O., Bakan, F., & Sezen, M. (2017). Analysis of Deterioration Phenomena in a Koran by Nineteenth Century Ottoman Calligrapher Mehmed Şevki. Restaurator. 38(4): 331–354.
Recipe Details

Ingredients

lazurite, white lead, vermilion, red lead, gold, silver

Evidence

"The identified pigments were well known and traditionally used in manuscripts... lazurite in blues, white lead in whites, vermilion and red lead in reds... For identification of the golden metallic pigment, EDS was used and the presence of gold with a small percentage of silver was confirmed."

Remarks

Illuminator Hüseyin applied dyes and gold heavily in the opening pages (p. 332). The gold used was found to be alloyed with a small percentage of silver (p. 348). Identified pigments remained consistent between well-preserved and deteriorated folios (p. 347).

Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionNa, Al, Si, S (Blue); Pb (White); Hg, S (Light red); Pb (Dark red); Au, Ag (Gold)
Analytical Techniques
Raman
SEM-EDS
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
ColorWhite
RegionTurkey
Approx. Year1850
Source Information
TitleAnalysis of Deterioration Phenomena in a Koran by Nineteenth Century Ottoman Calligrapher Mehmed Şevki
AuthorÖzgörüş, N. K., Ünlü, C. H., Grupče, O., Bakan, F., & Sezen, M.
Collectionilluminations by Hüseyin
Language
N/A
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