lazurite
Morocco
9th Century
Source: Oubelkacem, Y., Lamhasni, T., El Bakkali, A., et al. (2020). Parchments and coloring materials in two IXth century manuscripts: On-site non-invasive multi-techniques investigation. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 246, 119093.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
Lapis Lazuli rock, wollastonite (CaSiO3), diopside (CaMgSi2O6), sodalite (Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl), calcite (CaCO3), pyrite (FeS2), hematite (Fe2O3)
Preparation Steps
The blue pigment is lazurite, extracted from Lapis Lazuli rock. Raman spectra show characteristic bands at 546 cm-1 (symmetric stretching of S3- radical ions) and 584 cm-1 (asymmetric stretching) (p. 13). FORS shows a reflectance peak at 600 nm related to S3- radical anions (p. 13). Associated minerals like wollastonite, diopside, and pyrite were also detected in the Raman spectrum, confirming the use of the natural mineral (p. 14).
Original Recipe Text
The blue pigment is lazurite, extracted from Lapis Lazuli rock. Raman spectra show characteristic bands at 546 cm-1 (symmetric stretching of S3- radical ions) and 584 cm-1 (asymmetric stretching) (p. 13). FORS shows a reflectance peak at 600 nm related to S3- radical anions (p. 13). Associated minerals like wollastonite, diopside, and pyrite were also detected in the Raman spectrum, confirming the use of the natural mineral (p. 14).
Evidence
"The reflectance spectra show features characteristic of natural lazurite: reflectance maximum and minimum located respectively at 474 and around 600 nm, and inflection point situated at 714 nm"
Remarks
Used in MEK-MS-6LP for a curved line inside gilded decorations on page P1 and some vocalizations (p. 13). The source is likely the ancient quarries of Afghanistan (p. 13).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical Composition(Na, Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(SO4,S,Cl)2
Analytical Techniques
FOR
XRF
SSE Raman
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
Paper TypeParchment
ColorBlue
RegionMorocco
Approx. Year850
Source Information
AuthorOubelkacem, Y., Lamhasni, T., El Bakkali, A., et al.
CollectionMakhtout 231, MEK-MS-6LP
Language
N/A
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