European paper
Java
19th Century
Source: Adnan, M. A. B. (2021). The Malay Quran Manuscripts in Muzium Negara. Malaysia Museums Journal, 38, 7-25.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
crowned lion with sword, lily flower with HI&A, HONIG, GR with a crown
Preparation Steps
This manuscript uses imported Dutch paper. Diagnostic markers include the 'crowned lion with sword' watermark (Figure 15) and a 'lily flower with HI&A wording' (Figure 16). Countermarks include 'HONIG' (Figure 17) and 'GR with a crown' (Figure 18).
Original Recipe Text
This manuscript uses imported Dutch paper. Diagnostic markers include the 'crowned lion with sword' watermark (Figure 15) and a 'lily flower with HI&A wording' (Figure 16). Countermarks include 'HONIG' (Figure 17) and 'GR with a crown' (Figure 18).
Evidence
"JMA.PDN.886.2002.A1.60 Quran manuscript was written on European paper because watermarks were found on the paper of the manuscript."
Remarks
While many Javanese Qurans are written on locally made 'dluwang' (beaten treebark paper), this specific specimen JMA.PDN.886.2002.A1 is written on European watermarked paper (p. 17). The watermarks are famous trademarks of Dutch paper production (p. 18). Its dimensions are 42.5cm length, 26.5 cm width, and 7.2 cm height (p. 17).
Scientific Analysis
Analytical Techniques
watermark analysis
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
paper
Paper TypeEuropean paper
ColorYellow
RegionJava
Approx. Year1850
Source Information
AuthorAdnan, M. A. B.
CollectionNetherlands
Language
N/A
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