wulfenite
Iran
11th Century
Source: Holakooei, P., de Lapérouse, J.F., Rugiadi, M. & Carò, F. (2018). Early Islamic pigments at Nishapur, north-eastern Iran: studies on the painted fragments preserved at The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 10:175–195.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
lead, molybdenum
Evidence
"Raman bands at 322 and 870 cm−1 which are attributed to wulfenite (PbMoO4) (Crane et al. 2002)."
Remarks
Wulfenite was identified on fragments 40 and 41, dating to the last quarter of the 11th century. Its presence in Nishapur, alongside other rare lead minerals like phoenicochroite and pyromorphite, is highly unusual for Islamic palettes and suggests these materials were imported from mining regions like the Kavir-Sabzevar metallogenic belt or central Iran (p. 188, 193).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionPbMoO4
Analytical Techniques
Raman
XRD
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
ColorYellow
RegionIran
Approx. Year1050
Source Information
AuthorHolakooei, P., de Lapérouse, J.F., Rugiadi, M. & Carò, F.
CollectionNishapur
Language
N/A
AI Suggestions
Find similar recipes based on ingredients and preparation methods.