skin, parchment, skin of a type of sheep
Iran
9th Century
Source: Zarei, L., Kasiri, M. B., Achachlouei, M. M., & Khiavi, V. J. (2018). Characterization of a Leather Quran Housed at the Tabriz Quran and Scribing Museum. Journal of Research on Archaeometry, 4(1), 37-46.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
sheep skin, aluminum sulfate (alum)
Preparation Steps
The support is parchment made from sheep skin. The tanning process likely involved aluminum sulfate (alum), as suggested by the historical use of such materials for skin treatment (p. 10). The skin has a relatively dark vegetable-like color and a thickness of 0.12 mm (p. 5).
Original Recipe Text
The support is parchment made from sheep skin. The tanning process likely involved aluminum sulfate (alum), as suggested by the historical use of such materials for skin treatment (p. 10). The skin has a relatively dark vegetable-like color and a thickness of 0.12 mm (p. 5).
Evidence
"The results obtained indicate that the support material of this folio is the skin of a type of sheep."
Remarks
FTIR spectra showed characteristic protein bands: Amide I (C=O stretching) at 1640.16 cm-1, Amide II (N-H bending) at 1543.74 cm-1, and N-H stretching at 3291.91 cm-1 (p. 6). Microscopic observation of hair follicle patterns matched that of sheep (p. 7). SEM imaging showed collagen fibers and the absence of a distinct 'grain layer,' likely due to the intense processing of the skin into parchment (p. 8).
Scientific Analysis
Analytical Techniques
electron microscopy
FTIR
SEM imaging
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
paper
Bindertanning agents (alum)
Paper TypeParchment
Colorrelatively dark vegetable color
RegionIran
Approx. Year850
Source Information
AuthorZarei, L., Kasiri, M. B., Achachlouei, M. M., & Khiavi, V. J.
CollectionTabriz Quran and Redaction Museum
Language
N/A
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