vermilion
Castile
13th Century
Source: Vieira, M.; Melo, M.J.; Nabais, P.; Lopes, J.A.; Lopes, G.V.; Fernández, L.F. (2024). The Colors in Medieval Illuminations through the Magnificent Scriptorium of Alfonso X, the Learned. Heritage, 7(1), 272-300.
Recipe Details
Preparation Steps
In the Rich codex, vermilion was applied without additives as a pure paint (p. 279). In the Musicians' codex, it was used for both writing and illuminations (p. 281, 282). In Lapidary, light-colored areas suggest a potential mixture with lead white to adjust the hue (p. 281).
Original Recipe Text
In the Rich codex, vermilion was applied without additives as a pure paint (p. 279). In the Musicians' codex, it was used for both writing and illuminations (p. 281, 282). In Lapidary, light-colored areas suggest a potential mixture with lead white to adjust the hue (p. 281).
Evidence
"Vermilion was used in the illuminations and the initials... identified through Raman spectroscopy, vermilion by its main bands at 256 (deltaS-Hg-S), 287, and 345 cm-1 (nuHg-S)."
Remarks
Black was mixed with vermilion to obtain brown in the Musicians' codex, Lapidary, and Book of Games (p. 290).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionHgS
Analytical Techniques
Raman
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
ColorRed
RegionCastile
Approx. Year1250
Source Information
TitleThe Colors in Medieval Illuminations through the Magnificent Scriptorium of Alfonso X, the Learned
AuthorVieira, M.; Melo, M.J.; Nabais, P.; Lopes, J.A.; Lopes, G.V.; Fernández, L.F.
CollectionRoyal Library of the El Escorial Monastery
Language
N/A
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