Vermillion
Egypt
17th Century
Source: Hassan, R. R. A. (2015). Analytical study of a manuscript, 'Tafsir Al khazin ' - the seventeenth century AD. Current Science International, 4(2), 196-207.
Recipe Details
Ingredients
red mercuric sulfide, cinnabar, vinegar, Gum Arabic, white egg
Preparation Steps
The red ink was formulated using vermillion (mercuric sulfide) extracted from cinnabar. The cinnabar was dissolved in vinegar and then mixed with either Gum Arabic or white egg as a binding medium (p. 201).
Original Recipe Text
The red ink was formulated using vermillion (mercuric sulfide) extracted from cinnabar. The cinnabar was dissolved in vinegar and then mixed with either Gum Arabic or white egg as a binding medium (p. 201).
Evidence
"The data obtained (Fig. 5 and Table 2) showed that the Red color was Vermillion (formed from red mercuric sulfide obtained from cinnabar which solved in vinegar and mixed with Gum Arabic or white egg. (p. 201)"
Remarks
Although the abstract contains a typo referring to 'silver sulfide (HgS)', the detailed results correctly identify the pigment as mercuric sulfide (Vermillion) (p. 196, 201). EDAX analysis shows Hg at 70.48% and S at 10.81% by weight (Table 2, p. 203).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionHgS
Analytical Techniques
EDAX analysis
X-ray diffraction
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
BinderAcacia gum
ColorRed
RegionEgypt
Approx. Year1650
Source Information
AuthorHassan, R. R. A.
Collectionstores of Al Azhar Al Sharif Grand Mosque
Language
N/A
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