sublimated dry substances
Iraq
10th Century
Source: Museum of the Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main.
Recipe Details
Preparation Steps
The utal (Latin alutel or aludel) is an apparatus used for the sublimation (tas'id) of dry substances, where the product (sublimate) is collected in the upper parts of the vessel. Abu Abdallah Muhammad b. Ahmad al-Hwarizmi (10th cent.) noted the apparatus was made of glass or clay. (p. 123)
Original Recipe Text
The utal (Latin alutel or aludel) is an apparatus used for the sublimation (tas'id) of dry substances, where the product (sublimate) is collected in the upper parts of the vessel. Abu Abdallah Muhammad b. Ahmad al-Hwarizmi (10th cent.) noted the apparatus was made of glass or clay. (p. 123)
Evidence
"According to Ab Bakr ar-Rz, the ușl is used for the <sublimation> (ta◊‘d) of dry substances. ... describes it as an apparatus made either of glass or clay."
Remarks
Sublimation was a primary chemical process in the Islamic Golden Age for the creation of purified pigments and chemical spirits. Reconstructed glass models (Inventory No. K 1.28 and K 1.32) demonstrate the two-part design typical of these vessels. (p. 123)
Scientific Analysis
Certainty Level
Inferred
Instrumentally Verified
Not Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
RegionIraq
Approx. Year950
Source Information
AuthorMuseum of the Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main.
Collectional-utal (aludel)
Language
N/A
AI Suggestions
Find similar recipes based on ingredients and preparation methods.