Ultramarine, Indigo, Azurite
Herat
15th Century
Recipe Details
Ingredients
ultramarine, indigo, azurite
Preparation Steps
Ultramarine was used for large-scale backgrounds, sky, architectural components, and clothing (p. 242). Azurite was used for small figures like birds and flowers, creating a light bluish green (p. 242). Painter G notably used a combination of azurite and malachite to create a unique blue-green (turquoise) colour (p. 243).
Original Recipe Text
Ultramarine was used for large-scale backgrounds, sky, architectural components, and clothing (p. 242). Azurite was used for small figures like birds and flowers, creating a light bluish green (p. 242). Painter G notably used a combination of azurite and malachite to create a unique blue-green (turquoise) colour (p. 243).
Evidence
"In addition to ultramarine and indigo used in Shiraz, azurite is also used as a blue pigment in Herat. As expected before, ultramarine has been used extensively by all seven painters of Shāhnāma manuscript RAS 239 (Fig. 5-143)."
Remarks
The ultramarine used in Herat is noted to be of higher quality and variety than that used in Shiraz (p. 242). Azurite use is unique to Herat in this study (p. 242).
Scientific Analysis
Chemical CompositionNa8[Al6Si6O24]Sn (Ultramarine), C16H10N2O2 (Indigo), Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 (Azurite)
Certainty Level
Confirmed
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
pigment
ColorBlue
RegionHerat
Approx. Year1450
Source Information
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