papers made according to traditional procedure employing hemp

Ingredients

hemp, gum tragacanth, cellulose (Whatman)

Preparation Steps

Original Recipe Text

Traditional hemp paper was created using hand-made mechanical treatment (p. 70). One variation was sized by applying gum tragacanth. Additionally, modern 100% cellulose paper (Whatman) was used for comparison (p. 70). Dyes were applied to these substrates by immersing the paper into coloured liquid extracts obtained by boiling plant parts in water and filtering (p. 69-70).

Evidence

"Three types of paper were used as a substrate: two were papers made according to traditional procedure employing hemp, with hand-made mechanical treatment in a traditional workshop in Isfahan. One of these traditional papers was then sized with gum tragacanth (sized paper), the other type of paper was used without sizing (non-sized paper)."

Remarks

Historical evidence from the Timurid, Safavid, and Qajar periods indicates that paper used for producing books was generally dyed (p. 65). The study used these substrates to create a database of FORS and FOMF spectra to aid in the non-invasive identification of materials in actual manuscripts (p. 69).