iron-gall ink, carbon ink
Egypt
11th Century
Source: Zina Cohen, 2022. Implications of This Research, Conclusions and Outlook. Chapter 5.
Recipe Details
Preparation Steps
Recto: Main text, signatures, and scribe attestation in iron-gall ink. Two updates on the recto used carbon ink. Verso: Update text in iron-gall ink, but witness signatures in carbon ink (p. 144).
Original Recipe Text
Recto: Main text, signatures, and scribe attestation in iron-gall ink. Two updates on the recto used carbon ink. Verso: Update text in iron-gall ink, but witness signatures in carbon ink (p. 144).
Evidence
"the main text... is executed with an iron-gall ink, since the ink loses opacity but does not disappear under NIR light... carbon ink is used only in the second and third phases of writing, for the updates on the payment of the debt."
Remarks
Manuscript Or. 1080 J117. A house purchase record. Demonstrates the use of different ink types for different administrative phases of a document's lifecycle (p. 144).
Scientific Analysis
Analytical Techniques
VIS/NIR imaging
reflectographic analysis
Certainty Level
Inferred
Instrumentally Verified
Verified
Metadata
Material Type
ink
RegionEgypt
Approx. Year1050
Source Information
AuthorZina Cohen, 2022. Implications of This Research, Conclusions and Outlook. Chapter 5.
CollectionMuslim court
Language
N/A
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